Vocabulary
Vocabulary is so much more that just a familiar list of words a person can understand and use in everyday conversation. It is a bridge that connects ideas, thoughts, and communication (Grammarist, 2024). Jane Yolen said, “A word is a small magic, a spell that can unlock the world” (ReadingRockets, 2024).
There are four types of vocabulary:• Listening vocabulary: words one needs to know to understand what he or she hears• Speaking vocabulary: words one uses in speech• Reading vocabulary: words one needs to know to understand what he or she is reading• Writing vocabulary: words used in writing (ReadingRockets, 2024).
Children learn new words in a variety of ways, but most research supports the idea that children learn through both explicit instruction and implicit instruction. This involves teaching individual words, teaching word-learning strategies, implementing wide-reading, and fostering word consciousness (Tyson, 2017). Children should be exposed to words repeatedly, as just being exposed once to a word does not guarantee learning. Using words in context also helps children retain the meaning of words and associate a word with its meaning. Using games, rhymes, songs and interactions can help children learn new words in a fun and engaging way. In addition, teaching word learning strategies such as how to use dictionaries, and how to decipher words using morphology and orthography are important ways to encourage self-efficacy in vocabulary learning.
Importance and Impact on Children's Success
Vocabulary is important for many reasons, including reading comprehension, communication with others, academic achievement, critical thinking, professional advancement, and self-expression. Vocabulary has a strong impact on a child’s success in school. Studies show that children need to “grasp 98% of the words they read in order to comprehend what they are reading” (Lastiri, 2024). In addition, a good vocabulary enhances a students’ writing skills, helping them to better express themselves and convey their “thoughts, feelings, events, or ideas” (Lastiri, 2024). Students with poor vocabulary knowledge tend to struggle and fall behind in school. Having an extensive vocabulary also contributes to student success by raising their self-esteem, giving them more confidence, making communication skills more effective, allowing them to “connect to others, form meaningful relationships and collaborations, and get more positive outcomes” (Lastiri, 2024).
Strategies:
1. Frayer Model: The Frayer Model is a strategy that uses a 4-square graphic organizer to help students identify the meaning of a word and reinforce the meaning using examples, non, examples, and facts or a visual of some sort. The following website has a variety of templates for instructional use: https://templatelab.com/frayer-model/. Frayer models are universal and the categories can be modified to fit the needs of the lesson and students. It focuses on learning one word at a time and can be used whole group, small group, and one-on-one. According to Starke (2020), the Frayer Model is “most appropriately used when teaching lessons in word analysis or introducing new vocabulary terms in text or content.” While it can be used for elementary, it is most appropriate for upper elementary and secondary levels. The key to using the Frayer Model is to pre-select the vocabulary word(s) and then model using the model with a common word. Once students understand how to complete the model, students can work in pairs or small groups on a single word assigned to them. Students are to become an “expert” on that one word and then teach their word to the class using the components of the Frayer Model. For more information on implementing the Frayer Model and a downloadable template, click the following link: https://www.modelteaching.com/education-articles/teaching-strategies/how-to-use-the-frayer-model-in-your-classroom
2. Alphaboxes: This is an excellent strategy for building vocabulary knowledge before, during, and after reading. Alphaboxes promote discussions that assist students in linking new vocabulary to their learning and enhancing their understanding. This strategy is particularly effective for guiding students in organizing and mastering the academic language found in informational texts. Despite its simplicity, using Alphaboxes typically sparks dynamic discussions that are beneficial for developing foundational knowledge. As a basic graphic organizer, teachers can creatively employ Alphabox templates to foster vocabulary growth and improve comprehension skills in diverse educational contexts (Tyson, 2017). To implement this strategy, start by introducing the topic or concept to the students before beginning any reading or discussion. Ask the students to brainstorm words that are related to the topic. As students suggest words, the teacher should write each word on a chart or whiteboard, organizing them alphabetically. Each word should be placed in the appropriate space on an alphabet grid, with each word beginning with the corresponding letter. If needed, the teacher can also include definitions for these words. As each word is added, take a moment to discuss its meaning with the students and how it connects to the topic. Before starting the reading, consider adding specific key words that students might not be familiar with but are essential for understanding the text. Throughout the reading process and afterwards, continue adding more words that come up, fostering further discussion and deepening understanding of the topic (Tyson, 2017). Students should be given individual copies of the Alphabox so they can write more terms as they read. They can also work in pairs or small groups, adding words and then sharing them with the class. Click on the following link for an Alphbox template: https://www.bluevalleyk12.org/cms/lib/ks02212623/Centricity/Domain/676/alpha_boxes.pdf
3. Vocabulary Logs: A Vocabulary Log is a graphic organizer of learned words that students can use to deepen their understanding of words beyond the context of a reading selection. Using vocabulary logs, students can review/revisit learned words and continue to strengthen the understanding of word meanings. Vocabulary logs can be used in conjunction with any other vocabulary strategies. Students can also keep and complete the vocabulary logs independently. Vocabulary logs can be traditional notebooks or digital notebooks such as LiveBinders and OneNote. Digital notebooks are advantageous because they are easily sharable allowing for collaboration (Tyson, 2017). The graphic organizer used for vocabulary logs is designed to be completed over a week (or more) of instruction. This is so students can deepen their understanding of words and understand how they are used beyond the context of a particular reading selection. Daily interaction with the vocabulary log is recommended. According to Tyson (2017), whether in print or digital, vocabulary notebooks are records of “student-selected words, their meaning, and their applications.” Maintaining a personal log of unfamiliar words found in texts is a stimulating task, particularly suited for English and social studies classes during instructional segments that are not heavily laden with specialized terminology. This approach is also effective during independent reading sessions, emphasizing the notion that the most lasting learning experiences are often self-initiated and introspective.OneNote is an online digital platform that offers a space for organizing and managing vocabulary. Students can create personalized sections to define and categorize new words. OneNote includes tagging, multimedia support, and a search function making it easy to build an extensive vocabulary list. In addition, it has a collaboration feature which allows users to share their notebooks with others.
WEBSITE: www.onenote.com
4. Games: Learning new words is crucial for children's cognitive development as it influences various brain regions, enhancing memory. However, rote memorization or simple dictation alone does not aid in effective learning. Introducing enjoyable vocabulary games is beneficial as they capture children's interest and facilitate learning. These games can be integrated into both classroom and home settings, making the process of acquiring new vocabulary more engaging and enjoyable for children. Research from the American Psychological Association indicates that incorporating games into learning enhances children's engagement, emotional involvement, and social skills. Therefore, organizing vocabulary games either at home or in the classroom can effectively promote the development of children's language abilities (Paige, 2024 Splashlearn).Playing word games in the classroom or at home is not just entertaining but also enhances children's learning, thinking, and cognitive abilities. Engaging in vocabulary building games and language activities offers several benefits:Language Mastery: Playing enjoyable vocabulary games helps children learn a language more effectively. They acquire numerous new words they might not encounter otherwise and learn how to use them correctly in sentences. A broad vocabulary enables children to express their ideas both verbally and in writing.Improvement in Spelling: Vocabulary practice games not only introduce new words but also enhance children's spelling and grammar skills. Games like Scrabble and crossword puzzles promote better spelling while deepening understanding of word meanings and usage contexts.Enhanced Concentration: Playing games requires concentration. As children focus on finding and understanding new words, they develop the ability to concentrate on tasks, which can benefit their overall learning abilities.Development of Cognitive Skills: Language games stimulate cognitive processes. Even in fun games like Rolling Words, children engage their brains to select the correct word to complete a sentence. This enhances cognitive skills such as problem-solving and information processing.Improved Memory: Word games challenge children's memory as they recall word definitions, spellings, and usage within the game's context. Strategic and time-bound games further enhance memory by requiring players to recall information efficiently.Healthy Competition: Games naturally foster a competitive spirit. Children compete not only against opponents but also against themselves, motivating them to expand their vocabulary and master new words to excel in classroom games.Sense of Achievement: Achieving high scores in word games boosts children's confidence and satisfaction. This newfound confidence can spill over into other academic areas, encouraging further growth and learning. Integrating vocabulary games into educational practices not only makes learning enjoyable but also contributes significantly to children's language development, cognitive skills, and overall academic confidence (Paige, 2024). Whether a board game or a digital resource, games are an engaging way to give students repeated exposure to words and help to reinforce understanding. Activities that make learning fun and enjoyable increase student motivation and enthusiasm. Games can help with contextual learning as students see how words are used in different contexts, which enhances understanding and retention. In addition, games require active participation, which helps students internalize new words more effectively than passive learning methods. Some popular board/box games that can engage students and broaden their vocabulary are: Balderdash, Apples to Apples, Vocabulicious, Boggle, Scrabble, to name a few. Students can also create their own board-type games to correspond to new terms they are learning in a lesson or unit. In addition, there are numerous websites that can be utilized for vocabulary learning, including: Kahoot (www.kahoot.com): an online platform that allows users to create, share, and participate in interactive quizzes and games. Teachers can create their own custom quizzes or choose from a vast library of pre-made ones. Students join games by using a code, answer questions using an electronic device such as a phone, tablet, or laptop, and earn points for right answers. The top three winners are displayed at the end of the game. Flashcard Stash (www.flashcardstash.com) is an online platform where users can create, study, and share digital flashcards. Designs can include text and images, and cards can be organized into decks. Users can also use flashcards created by others. Free Rice (www.freerice.com): offers educational quizzes on various subject. For each correct answer, the site donates a small amount of rice through the World Food Programme.
References:Lastiri, L. (2024). Nine reasons why improving your vocabulary is important. Iris Reading, LLC. Retrieved from https://irisreading.com/reasons-why-improving-your-vocabulary-is-important/.Paige, A. (2024). 17 best vocabulary games to play in the classroom and at home. SplashLearn.com. Retrieved from https://www.splashlearn.com/blog/best-vocabulary-games-for-kids/.Basic: vocabulary. (2024). Reading Rockets. WETA Washington, DC. Retrieved from https://www.readingrockets.org /classroom/classroom-strategies/summarizingStark, K. (2020). The frayer model: what it is and how to use it. Retrieved from https://www.teachhub.com/teaching- strategies/ 2020/09/the-frayer-model-what-is-it-and-how-to-use-it/Tyson, K. A. & Peery, A. B. (2017). Vocabulary strategies for secondary students. Blended Vocabulary for K-12 Classrooms: Harnessing the Power of Digital Tools and Direct Instruction. Solution Tree Press. Retrieved from https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/ valdosta/reader.action?docID=4791091&ppg=83Vocabulary—meaning, types, uses, learning strategies, and quizzes (2024). Grammarist.com. Retrieved from https://grammarist.com/vocabulary/.it.me.
4. Games: Learning new words is crucial for children's cognitive development as it influences various brain regions, enhancing memory. However, rote memorization or simple dictation alone does not aid in effective learning. Introducing enjoyable vocabulary games is beneficial as they capture children's interest and facilitate learning. These games can be integrated into both classroom and home settings, making the process of acquiring new vocabulary more engaging and enjoyable for children. Research from the American Psychological Association indicates that incorporating games into learning enhances children's engagement, emotional involvement, and social skills. Therefore, organizing vocabulary games either at home or in the classroom can effectively promote the development of children's language abilities (Paige, 2024 Splashlearn).Playing word games in the classroom or at home is not just entertaining but also enhances children's learning, thinking, and cognitive abilities. Engaging in vocabulary building games and language activities offers several benefits:Language Mastery: Playing enjoyable vocabulary games helps children learn a language more effectively. They acquire numerous new words they might not encounter otherwise and learn how to use them correctly in sentences. A broad vocabulary enables children to express their ideas both verbally and in writing.Improvement in Spelling: Vocabulary practice games not only introduce new words but also enhance children's spelling and grammar skills. Games like Scrabble and crossword puzzles promote better spelling while deepening understanding of word meanings and usage contexts.Enhanced Concentration: Playing games requires concentration. As children focus on finding and understanding new words, they develop the ability to concentrate on tasks, which can benefit their overall learning abilities.Development of Cognitive Skills: Language games stimulate cognitive processes. Even in fun games like Rolling Words, children engage their brains to select the correct word to complete a sentence. This enhances cognitive skills such as problem-solving and information processing.Improved Memory: Word games challenge children's memory as they recall word definitions, spellings, and usage within the game's context. Strategic and time-bound games further enhance memory by requiring players to recall information efficiently.Healthy Competition: Games naturally foster a competitive spirit. Children compete not only against opponents but also against themselves, motivating them to expand their vocabulary and master new words to excel in classroom games.Sense of Achievement: Achieving high scores in word games boosts children's confidence and satisfaction. This newfound confidence can spill over into other academic areas, encouraging further growth and learning. Integrating vocabulary games into educational practices not only makes learning enjoyable but also contributes significantly to children's language development, cognitive skills, and overall academic confidence (Paige, 2024). Whether a board game or a digital resource, games are an engaging way to give students repeated exposure to words and help to reinforce understanding. Activities that make learning fun and enjoyable increase student motivation and enthusiasm. Games can help with contextual learning as students see how words are used in different contexts, which enhances understanding and retention. In addition, games require active participation, which helps students internalize new words more effectively than passive learning methods. Some popular board/box games that can engage students and broaden their vocabulary are: Balderdash, Apples to Apples, Vocabulicious, Boggle, Scrabble, to name a few. Students can also create their own board-type games to correspond to new terms they are learning in a lesson or unit. In addition, there are numerous websites that can be utilized for vocabulary learning, including: Kahoot (www.kahoot.com): an online platform that allows users to create, share, and participate in interactive quizzes and games. Teachers can create their own custom quizzes or choose from a vast library of pre-made ones. Students join games by using a code, answer questions using an electronic device such as a phone, tablet, or laptop, and earn points for right answers. The top three winners are displayed at the end of the game. Flashcard Stash (www.flashcardstash.com) is an online platform where users can create, study, and share digital flashcards. Designs can include text and images, and cards can be organized into decks. Users can also use flashcards created by others. Free Rice (www.freerice.com): offers educational quizzes on various subject. For each correct answer, the site donates a small amount of rice through the World Food Programme.
References:Lastiri, L. (2024). Nine reasons why improving your vocabulary is important. Iris Reading, LLC. Retrieved from https://irisreading.com/reasons-why-improving-your-vocabulary-is-important/.Paige, A. (2024). 17 best vocabulary games to play in the classroom and at home. SplashLearn.com. Retrieved from https://www.splashlearn.com/blog/best-vocabulary-games-for-kids/.Basic: vocabulary. (2024). Reading Rockets. WETA Washington, DC. Retrieved from https://www.readingrockets.org /classroom/classroom-strategies/summarizingStark, K. (2020). The frayer model: what it is and how to use it. Retrieved from https://www.teachhub.com/teaching- strategies/ 2020/09/the-frayer-model-what-is-it-and-how-to-use-it/Tyson, K. A. & Peery, A. B. (2017). Vocabulary strategies for secondary students. Blended Vocabulary for K-12 Classrooms: Harnessing the Power of Digital Tools and Direct Instruction. Solution Tree Press. Retrieved from https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/ valdosta/reader.action?docID=4791091&ppg=83Vocabulary—meaning, types, uses, learning strategies, and quizzes (2024). Grammarist.com. Retrieved from https://grammarist.com/vocabulary/.it.me.